Infección por citomegalovirus en púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein del anciano como complicación y factor perpetuador de la enfermedad. Reporte de caso / Cytomegalovirus infection and Henoch-Schönlein purpura in the elderly as a complication and factor that perpetuates the disease. Case report

RESUMEN La púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein en el adulto es un reto diagnóstico. Su baja incidencia y su sintomatología poco específica configuran un cuadro clínico que puede pasar desapercibido en diversas ocasiones o solaparse bajo el peso de diferentes sospechas diagnósticas. La púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein no es un cuadro de espectro único. Se considera un grupo de enfermedades de manifestación heterogénea con un eje patogénico común dado por el hallazgo de inflamación de la pared en vasos de pequeño calibre mediada por complejos inmunes. Este es el caso de un paciente de 70 arios quien cursa con un cuadro compatible con púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein, de inicio tardío, caracterizada por su difícil manejo y constantes recaídas. a pesar del uso cuidadoso de las pautas terapéuticas establecidas por los consensos actuales. En este paciente se documentó, de forma concomitante, una infección por citomegalovirus que al recibir tratamiento permitió el control adecuado de síntomas. Adicionalmente, este paciente presentaba una linfocitopenia que parecía ser secundaria a la infección viral.

ABSTRACT Henoch-Schönlein purpura in the adult is a diagnostic challenge. Its low incidence and its unspecific symptomatology in this age group, establish a clinical chart that can be ignored on several occasions. Henoch-Schönlein purpura is considered a group of diseases of heterogeneous manifestation with a common pathogenic axis: the finding of inflammation of the wall of the small calibre vessels, mediated by immune complexes. The case is presented of a 70-year-old patient with a difficult to treat Henoch-Schönlein purpura, with constant relapses despite the use of the therapeutic guidelines established in the current guidelines. In this patient, a concomitant cytomegalovirus infection was documented that, after receiving treatment, allowed adequate control of symptoms. Additionally, this patient also had a lymphocytopenia that was secondary to cytomegalovirus.

Adulto con púrpura de probable causa no infecciosa

RESUMEN Las vasculitis leucocitoclásticas son grupos de procesos clinicopatológicos con heterogeneidad etiopatogénica y que requieren diagnóstico diferencial. En este reporte se presenta un caso de vasculitis leucocitoclástica de etiología no infecciosa sin germen aislado. Se revisan las posibles causas de este cuadro fundamentalmente cutáneo, así como su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a group of clinicopathological processes with etiopathogenic heterogeneity that require differential diagnosis. This report presents a case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis of non-infectious etiology without an isolated germ. The possible causes of this fundamentally skin condition are reviewed, as well as its diagnosis and treatment.

Edema agudo hemorrágico de la infancia: Lesiones alarmantes de un cuadro benigno. Reporte de caso / Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy: alarming lesions of a benign condition. Case report

Se reporta un caso de edema agudo hemorrágico de la infancia, en un lactante de 18 meses, después de un episodio de otitis media. El cuadro comenzó con máculas eritematosas en los muslos, seguidas de lesiones purpúricas en los brazos, las piernas y edema en los tobillos. Se interpretó, inicialmente, como urticaria, por lo que recibió esteroides. Sin embargo, las características clínicas fueron de edema agudo hemorrágico de la infancia, una vasculitis leucocitoclástica benigna que se presenta en niños de entre 4 y 24 meses y que se caracteriza por fiebre, máculas y lesiones purpúricas. Estas se ubican, principalmente, en la cara, los lóbulos de las orejas y las extremidades, y se asocian, muchas veces, a edema. Los diagnósticos diferenciales son eritema multiforme, urticaria, vasculitis inducida por droga, enfermedad de Kawasaki, eccema infectado, meningococcemia y maltrato infantil, algunas de ellas, con riesgo de mortalidad. El manejo es conservador, sin embargo, los esteroides podrían ser una opción terapéutica.

We report a case of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy in an 18-month-old boy after an episode of otitis media. The clinical presentation begins with skin erythematous macules on the thighs, followed by purpuric lesions in arms, legs, and ankle edema. It was initially interpreted as urticaria, whereby steroids were indicated. However, the clinical feature was acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, a benign leukocytoclastic vasculitis that occurs in children between 4 and 24 months of age and is characterized by fever, large purpuric palpable target-like skin lesions affecting the face, lobes of the ears, limbs and frequently associated with edema. Differential diagnosis includes erythema multiforme, hemorrhagic urticaria, drug-induced vasculitis, Kawasaki disease, infected eczema, sepsis (either meningococcal or non-meningococcal) and child abuse. Some of them have risk of mortality. Management is conservative, however, steroids may be a therapeutic option.

Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in the presence of methimazole therapy / Vasculite leucocitoclástica cutânea na vigência de terapêutica com metimazol

Treatment with antithyroid drugs may be accompanied by side effects. We present a patient diagnosed with Grave's Disease who developed extensive vasculitis in the lower limbs during methimazole use. After suspension of the methimazole and the introduction of prednisone in immunesupressor doses the cutaneous lesions started to involute.

A terapêutica com drogas antitireoidianas pode ser acompanhada de efeitos colaterais. Apresentamos um caso de paciente com diagnóstico de Doença de Graves que na vigência da terapêutica com metimazol desenvolveu um quadro extenso de vasculite de membros inferiores. A partir da suspensão do metimazol e da introdução de prednisona em doses imunossupressoras as lesões cutâneas entraram em involução.

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome-2B accompanied with leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a case report and lirerature review / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore clinicopathologic features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) type 2B mixed cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Methods A 22-Year-Old Man who presented with constitutional symptoms,severe hypertension,and purpuric lesions over the knees.Clinical features,histopathological,IHC and anti-angiogenesis therapy of this case with VHL syndrome-2B mixed cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis was studied based on the available follow-up data.He underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy and nephron sparing nephrectomy.Clinical evaluation included ophthalmologic examination as well as imaging exams and endocrinal hormone test for tumors markers ; molecular analysis consisted of PCR amplification of the complete VHL gene coding sequence (three exons) and automated nucleotide sequencing. Results 24 h urine Norepinephrine was 295.84 μg and octreotide scan was positive.The VHL-2B patient suffered from leukocytoclastic vasculitis,a retinal hole,pancroatic tumors (endocrine tumor and microcystic cystadenoma),bilateral pheochromocyoma,clear renal cell carcinoma,renal cysts,hepatic hemangioma and epididymal cyst.The patient developed 5 different tumors related to VHL within a period of 6 years.The cutaneous vasculitis persisted despite treatment with high-dose systemic corticosteroids,but rapidly resolved after treatment with phenoxybenzamine and removal of bilateral pheochromocytomas.Tumor cells of resected PHEO samples stained positive for CgA and S-100,but negative for Melan-A.,and with less than 1％ Ki-67. Conclusions Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis is one of paraneoplastic syndrome of pheochromocytoma.Because new lesions may develop during the patient's lifetime,regular clinical inspection is recommended in order to check up the development of any new lesions.

Sibutramine (Reductil(R))-Induced Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis: A Case Report

A 24-year old woman presented with hemorrhagic vesicles on her legs. She had taken sibutramine (Reductil(R), Abbott Labs., Seoul, South Korea) for 3 months and developed skin lesions the week before. A skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with conspicuous eosinophilic infiltration of the tissue. These lesions showed improvement after discontinuation of sibutramine. However, 3 months later the skin lesions recurred on other sites on the lower extremities when the patient was rechallenged with the same drug for 2 weeks. Herein, we report the first case of necrotizing vasculitis induced by sibutramine.

Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis due to anti-tuberculosis medications, rifampin and pyrazinamide

Anti-tuberculosis drugs frequently result in cutaneous adverse reactions, including pruritus, maculopapular exanthems, and urticaria. However, anti-tuberculosis drug-associated cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (CLV) has been rarely reported. We describe a case of CLV induced by rifampin and pyrazinamide. A 38-year-old male had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis two months ago and then he started standard anti-tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Purpuric lesions developed in the extremities after 1.5 months of anti-tuberculosis medication; the lesions progressively spread over the entire body. Histopathology of the purpuric skin lesion was consistent with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The skin lesion improved after cessation of anti-tuberculosis medications and treatment with oral corticosteroids and antihistamines. Anti-tuberculosis drugs were rechallenged one at a time over 3 days. Purpura recurred on the right forearm and forehead after taking 300 mg of rifampin. The skin lesion disappeared after taking oral prednisolone. Finally, 1,500 mg of pyrazinamide was readministrated, and then purpuric lesions recurred on both forearms. This report describes a case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis secondary to rifampin and pyrazinamide therapy.

Pyomyositis Developed during Systemic Steroid Therapy for Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis / 대한피부과학회지

Pyomyositis is an acute, suppurative bacterial infection of striated muscle. It occurs primarily, and not from contiguous infection. It is considered rare in temperate climates. There has been no report of pyomyositis in the Korean dermatologic literature to date. We report a case of pyomyositis which developed in a 53-year-old male. The patient was admitted for the treatment of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis on his entire body. He was treated with oral corticosteroids for approximately three weeks. The skin condition did show improvement; however, the patient developed a persistent fever and a newly-found mass on the right upper back. The mass was diagnosed as an abscess, replacing the striated muscles of the back by sono-guided needle aspiration. After surgical intervention and IV antibiotic treatment, the symptoms and mass on the back disappeared. We speculate that the underlying skin condition and long-term use of oral corticosteroids predisposed the patient to pyomyositis.

Autoimmune Disorders in Association with Hairy-Cell Leukaemia

Autoimmune diseases in the form of cutaneous leucocytoclastic Vasculitis (CLCV), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), cerebral arteritis and cryoglobulinemia are uncommon associations of Hairy Cell Leukaemia (HCL). We report a case of a 55 year old male with HCL, carcinomatous meningitis, cryoglobulinemia and cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which preceded the diagnosis of HCL, leucocytoclastic vasculitis was confirmed on skin biopsy, the cutaneous lesions regressed on steroid therapy.